Is a problem of accuracy validation studies of sports heart rate monitors reproducibility?

Last Updated on February 4, 2023 by pg@petergamma.org

We could not find standard test protocols in the scientific papers about sports sensors:

We could not find standard reference devices:

And methods:

We found strong fluctuations in the accuracy of the different Apple watch models, which does not correlate with the model type. A newer Apple watch model does not correlate with higher accuracy:

We do not know of any scientific papers which confirm results from other papers about accuracy of sports heart rate monitors in a precise way.