Dr. Scott Hardens (MD., PhD.) Sound Card ECG is only a (3 electrode) 1 lead ECG system – PETER GAMMA (Director & Physiologist), MEDITATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE SWITZERLAND (MRIS)

Last Updated on July 30, 2022 by pg@petergamma.org

It only measures the voltage between 2 electrodes, the 3. electrode being ground.

Technically, Dr. Scott Hardens PhD. Sound Card ECG is a:

(3 electrode) 1 lead ECG system

According to the scientific papers, reference devices for sports sensor accuracy validation have up to 3 channels (or leads) with up to 12 electrodes

for instance the

Schiller Medilog AR12 Plus Holter Recorder:

https://www.medicaldevicedepot.com/Medilog-AR12-Plus-p/1.35001.htm

used in the paper:

Rahel Gilgen-Ammann, Theresa Schweizer, Thomas Wyss, Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019 Jul;119(7):1525-1532.,

RR interval signal quality of a heart rate monitor and an ECG Holter at rest and during exercise

has 3 channels with up to 7 electrodes

2. or the

2. Vyntus™ ECG 12-lead PC-ECG:

https://gha.health/en/produkt/vyntus-ecg-12-lead-pc-ecg/

used in:

Paul Hough , Mark Glaister, Adam Pledger

Journal of Physical Activity Research. 2017, 2(2), 112-116. DOI: 10.12691/jpar-2-2-8

The Accuracy of Wrist-worn Heart Rate Monitors across a Range of Exercise Intensities

http://pubs.sciepub.com/jpar/2/2/8/index.html

has 12 ECG electrodes.

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